红外法测定石油类的一些技巧及改进

针对红外分光光度法分析过程耗时、耗力、试剂用量大等问题,在保证分析质量的前提下对操作技术进行了一些改进。通过这些改进,对解决石油类测定过程中出现的一些问题,具有很好的应用价值。     

圆形烟道烟尘采样点位置确定之正误

采样点位置的确定是烟尘测试中的一项基础工作。在全国沿用10多年的确定圆形圆形烟道烟尘采样点位置的计算表中的数据,经验算有60％有误;原来以烟道中心为基准的计算公式虽然正确,但实用性差。为了进一步完善烟气测试理论,提高监测质量,提出以烟道内壁为基准的新计算公式。运用新、旧2种计算公式得到一致的计算结果—新计算表,进一步证实了原计算表中的错误。     

全球液化石油气运输网络贸易社区特征及其演化分析

液化石油气在全球清洁能源消耗市场中扮演着极为重要的角色,其通过船舶在不同港口之间进行运输,而港口之间通过局部密集的运输关系,形成了联系极为紧密的贸易社区。采用复杂网络社区探测方法,基于2013—2017年全球液化石油气船舶轨迹大数据构建运输网络,并对其贸易社区特征及其演化趋势开展分析。结果表明：（1）液化石油气（Liquefied Petroleum Gas,LPG）贸易社区内的港口之间的联系更加紧密,不同社区内的枢纽港口联系也日益紧密;（2）各个贸易社区的规模呈现出增长趋势,且同一社区内的港口在地理空间上变得更为集聚;（3）亚太地区、中东、西北欧和地中海地区形成的社区在全球LPG贸易中一直保持着重要地位,而随着时间推移,美洲社区已逐渐从一个相对孤立的社区发展成为与其他社区存在紧密联系的社区。     

石油污染土壤多酚氧化酶的动力学及热力学特征

土壤多酚氧化酶是一种氧化还原酶,能够将土壤中芳香族化合物氧化成醌,促进土壤中石油类物质的分解转化.以距大庆油田工作区不同距离（1、5、15 km）的石油污染地为对象,研究不同温度下石油污染裸地及羊草（Leymus chinensis）修复地的土壤多酚氧化酶活性及其动力学和热力学特征的变化.结果表明:土壤多酚氧化酶活性随温度和底物浓度的增加而逐渐增大,在温度为30℃或40℃、底物浓度为80 mmol/L或160 mmol/L时达到最大值;各样地土壤酶的动力学参数K_m（Mihaelis常数）随温度的变化规律不同,V_max（酶促反应最大速度）和V_max/K_m（催化效率）随温度升高而逐渐增大,均在30℃或40℃时达到最大值;热力学参数Q₁₀（温度系数）、ΔH（活化焓）、ΔS（活化熵）随温度变化差异不显著,ΔG（活化自由能）随温度升高呈逐渐增加趋势.在同一温度下,石油污染裸地土壤多酚氧化酶活性高于羊草修复地;K_m和V_max/K_m在各样地均表现为无规律性变化,V_max最大值出现在距油田工作区5 km处的裸地（BMP）,最小值出现在距油田工作区5 km处的羊草修复地（LMP）;Q₁₀、E_a（活化能）、ΔH、ΔS的最大值均出现在距油田工作区1 km处的裸地（BVP）,最小值均出现在距油田工作区1 km处的羊草修复地（LVP）.研究显示,升温和植物修复对土壤多酚氧化酶活性的反应特征有较大影响.      

土壤石油类(红外法)标样制作方法的研究

对我国环境监测用于土壤矿物油污染监测所必备的标准样品制作方法作了探索,尤其对该类标样的液-固态吸附饱和及其浓度平衡关系作了探讨,从理论上保证标样的均匀性和稳定性,为标样最后的定值分析提供依据.     

How and why is Aquatic Quality Changing at Nahanni National Park Reserve, nwt, Canada?

Nahanni National Park Reserve is located at southwestern NWT-Yukon border. One of the first UNESCO World Heritage sites, Nahanni lies within Taiga Cordillera and Taiga Shield Ecozones. Base and precious metal mining occurred upstream of Nahanni prior to park establishment. Nahanni waters, sediments, fish, and caribou have naturally elevated metals levels. Baseline water, sediment and fish tissue quality data were collected and analyzed throughout Nahanni during 1988–91 and 1992–97. These two programs characterized how aquatic quality variables are naturally varying in space and time, affected by geology, stream flow, seasonality, and extreme meteorological and geological events. Possible anthropogenic causes of aquatic quality change were examined. Measured values were compared to existing Guidelines and site-specific objectives were established.     

Multi-level screening of a proposed hazardous waste treatment and disposal facility site--a case study

A comprehensive environmental assessment (EA) is a pre-requisite before the site for developing a hazardous waste treatment and disposal facility (HWTDF) is selected. However, the resource limitations, especially for developing countries, often dictatethat the detailed EA be restricted to those sites, which are constraint free and have low hazard potentials. Thus, a preliminary screening exercise for assessing the suitability ofsite for developing the HWTDF needs to be carried out to avoid huge costs involved in detailed EA. While screening a HWTDF site,various factors such as present land use, ecologically sensitiveareas, geology and hydrogeology of the area, the quality and quantity of wastes, engineered safeguards, and the operationalprocedures that need to be adopted, are required to be addressed. In this paper, a multi-level screening criteria employing RemoteSensing, Constraint Mapping, Groundwater Pollution Potential Index (DRASTIC Index), and the Site Ranking was used to assess the suitability of a proposed site for the development of HWTDF.The study helped to identify various constraints at the proposedsite and their significance on the development of the HWTDF.     

An integrated assessment model for cross-country pipelines

The cross-country petroleum pipelines are environmentally sensitive because they traverse through varied terrain covering crop fields, forests, rivers, populated areas, desert, hills and offshore. Any malfunction of these pipelines may cause devastating effect on the environment. Hence, the pipeline operators plan and design pipelines projects with sufficient consideration of environment and social aspects along with the technological alternatives. Traditionally, in project appraisal, optimum technical alternative is selected using financial analysis. Impact assessments (IA) are then carried out to justify the selection and subsequent statutory approval. However, the IAs often suggest alternative sites and/or alternate technology and implementation methodology, resulting in revision of entire technical and financial analysis. This study addresses the above issues by developing an integrated framework for project feasibility analysis with the application of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a multiple attribute decision-making technique. The model considers technical analysis (TA), socioeconomic IA (SEIA) and environmental IA (EIA) in an integrated framework to select the best project from a few alternative feasible projects. Subsequent financial analysis then justifies the selection. The entire methodology has been explained here through a case application on cross-country petroleum pipeline project in India.     

夜间建筑施工噪声扰民监测方法探讨

以一家夜间施工工地为例 ,通过对现有夜间建筑施工噪声测量方法及国家和深圳经济特区有关噪声污染定义的分析 ,阐述了夜间施工工地噪声扰民监测方法     

厦门港和员当湖表层沉积物中的石油烃和多环芳香烃

2002年4月厦门港沿岸设9个站，员当湖设两个站采集表层沉积物，用有机溶剂萃取，硅胶柱色层分离，气相色谱—质谱联机带SIM数据采集系统对样品的石油烃类(M／Z=55)，多环芳香烃类进行分析，结果显示员当湖石油烃和多环芳香烃质量分数分别高达1397和1376．5ng／g。厦门港船只活动，厦门港四周工业废水、车辆燃油滴漏是石油烃和多环芳香烃污染的主要来源。